Encapsulation and Demultiplexing
**Encapsulation** and **demultiplexing** are the two complementary processes that move data through the layers of the **[[OSI Model]]**. ### Encapsulation (sender side) When data…
#networking
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TCP Three-Way Handshake
The **TCP three-way handshake** is the process used by the **Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)** to establish a reliable, bidirectional connection between two hosts. It is a fou…
PowerShell Network Configuration CmdLets
This section introduces three PowerShell CmdLets used to examine network settings on a Windows system. Unlike the legacy Windows Command Line, PowerShell exposes network configura…
WebSocket Protocol Security
# WebSocket Protocol Security WebSockets are a **full-duplex, persistent communication channel** built on top of TCP, initiated through an HTTP-compatible upgrade handshake. Once…
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
# Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) The **Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)** is the largest size (in bytes) of a single protocol data unit that can be transmitted over a network lin…